Microscopic Use-wear Analysis of Toalian Stone Tools
Reconstruction of Activities at Leang Batti, Bone Regency, Sulawesi Island
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26721/spafajournal.6fc3mmt936Keywords:
South Sulawesi, archaeology, prehistory, stone tools, microscope analysis of stone tools, Sulawesi Selatan, arkeologi, prasejarah, alat batu, analisis mikroskop alat batuAbstract
South Sulawesi is one area in the Wallacea region that contains many findings of diagnostic stone tools created by ancient hunter-gatherers. Researchers use the term Toalian techno-complex as a label for an archaeological culture. Researchers have conducted various studies to understand this culture. However, until now, research has mostly focused on morphological and technological aspects, while studies on the function of stone tools through microscopic use-wear analysis are limited. In this article, we report a description of new data on the function of Toalian stone tools from Leang Batti using microscopic use-wear analysis to provide an understanding of past human activities in South Sulawesi. The results of our research utilized 44 samples of Leang Batti stone tools, consisting of modified stone tools and unmodified stone tools showing evidence of use-wear, such as fractures, striation, gloss, rounding, and residue on the edges of stone tools. Based on the context of use-wear variables found, the Leang Batti stone tools were used for various activities such as cutting, scraping, splitting, and sawing materials, both floral and faunal. These activities are interpreted as a form of adaptation by the Leang Batti people to their natural environment.
Sulawesi bagian Selatan adalah salah satu daerah di kawasan Wallacea yang menyimpan banyak temuan alat batu diagnostik yang merupakan buatan manusia pemburu-pengumpul di masa lalu, para peneliti menggunakan istilah tekno-kompleks Toalian untuk menamakan budaya tersebut. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan oleh para ahli untuk memberikan penjelasan mengenai budaya tersebut, namun sejauh ini penelitian masih berfokus pada kajian atau studi morfologi dan teknologi saja, studi fungsional alat dengan menggunakan analisis mikroskopis use-wear masih sangat terbatas dilakukan. Di dalam artikel ini, kami melaporkan uraian data terbaru mengenai fungsi dari alat batu Toalian Leang Batti dengan menggunakan analisis mikroskopis use-wear sehingga dapat memberikan pemahaman mengenai aktivitas manusia pada masa lalu pada saat mengokupasi suatu daerah. Hasil penelitan kami dengan menggunakan 44 sampel alat batu Leang Batti, terdiri dari alat batu modifikasi dan alat batu nonmodifikasi, menunjukkan adanya bukti jejak pakai seperti fracture, striasi, kilapan, rounding dan residu pada tepi alat batu. Berdasarkan konteks variabel jejak pakai yang ditemukan maka alat batu Leang Batti pernah difungsikan dalam berbagai aktivitas seperti memotong atau mengiris, meraut, membelah dan menggergaji material berupa fauna maupun tumbuhan. Berbagai aktivitas yang seperti ini, kemudian diinterpretasikan sebagai bentuk adaptasi manusia Leang Batti dengan lingkungannya.
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